THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISTILLATION PROCESS ON THE CONTENT OF METALS IN HOME- AND INDUSTRIALLY-BREWED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES – RISK ASSESSMENT TO HUMAN HEALTH

Authors

  • Norbert MUNTEAN Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.norbert.muntean@ubbcluj.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0172-0715
  • Tiberiu FRENȚIU Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. ftibi@chem.ubbcluj.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6670-3380
  • Gábor RÁKOS Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  • Enikő COVACI Babes-Bolyai University, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania Research Center for Advanced Chemical Analysis, Instrumentation and Chemometrics, 11 Arany Janos str., RO-400028, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. eniko.covaci@ubbcluj.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8453-9155

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2022.4.14

Keywords:

alcoholic beverage, human health risk assessment, Principal Component Analysis

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the distillation processes on the content of Al, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn, Ni, Pb and Zn in 18 home-brewed fruit spirits, originating from different locations of Romania, and 3 industrially-brewed spirits and 19 cognacs. Metals quantification was achieved by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) after sample digestion. The study revealed higher metals concentration in the home-brewed spirits, compared to the industrially-brewed ones, with concentrations of Cu, Fe, Al and Zn in most of the samples above the Alcohol Measures for Public Health Research Alliance (AMPHORA) project set threshold in recorded alcoholic beverages. However, no risk to human health was found by a moderate consumption of the analyzed alcoholic beverages (100 mL/day) as respects to long-term non-carcinogenic health risk. The Principal Components Analysis (PCA) indicated a wide dispersion of the analyzed alcoholic beverages according to their elemental composition. The two-dimensional PCA representation after Varimax rotation indicated a group of elements of natural origin (Ca, Mg, Al, Cd, Mn, Pb), and another of trace elements (Co, Cr, Ni, Zn, Fe) originating from the distillation equipment. Copper however, was associated both with the raw material and the distillation equipment.

References

World Health Organization (WHO), Global status on alcohol and health, 2018, Geneva, License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IG0

Organization International de la Vigne et du Vin (OIV), Maximum acceptable limits, 2015 (https://www.oiv.int/public/medias/3741/e-code-annex-maximum-acceptable-limits.pdf, accessed: 27 January 2021)

D.W. Lachenmeier; K. Schoeberl; F. Kanteres; T. Kuballa; E.M. Sohnius; J. Rehm. Addiction, 2011, 106, 20-30

L. Pal; T. Muhollari; O. Bujdoso; E. Baranyai; A. Nagy; E. Arnyas; R. Adany; J. Sandor; M. McKee; S. Szucs; Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol., 2020, 116, article number 104723

J.G. Ibanez; A. Carreon-Alvarez; M. Barcena-Soto; N. Casillas; J. Food. Comp. Anal., 2008, 21, 672-683

A. Szymczycha-Madeja; M. Welna; P. Jamroz; A. Lesniewicz; P. Pohl; Trends Anal. Chem., 2015, 64, 127-135

V.G. Mihucz; C.J. Done; E. Tatar, E. Virag; Gy. Zaray; E.G. Baiulescu; Talanta, 2006, 70, 984-990

P. Pohl; TRAC-Trend. Anal. Chem., 2007, 26, 941-949

V. Ivanova-Petropulos; B. Balabanova; E. Bogeva; T. Frentiu; M. Ponta; M. Senila; R. Gulaboski, F.D. Irimie; Food Anal. Methods, 2017, 10, 459–468

M. Bonic; V. Tesevic; N. Nikicevic; J. Cvejic; S. Milosavljevic; V. Vajs; B. Mandic; I. Urosevic; M. Velickovic; S. Jovanic; J. Serb. Chem. Soc., 2013, 78, 933-945

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Toxicological review of zinc and compounds. 2005. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/toxreviews/0426tr.pdf (Accessed: 2 October 2022)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Provisional peer reviewed toxicity values for iron and compounds. 2006. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/pprtv/documents/IronandCompounds.pdf (Accessed: 22 September 2022)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. National Center for Environmental Assessment. Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Chemical Assessment Summary for Manganese. https://cfpub.epa.gov/ncea/iris/iris_documents/documents/subst/0373_summary.pdf#nameddest=rfd (Accessed: 16 October 2022)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Cadmium dietary exposure in the European population. EFSA J., 2012, 10:2551. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2551 (Accessed: 10 October 2022)

Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Lead in food, foodwares and dietary supplements. https://www.fda.gov/food/metals-and-your-food/lead-food-foodwares-and-dietary-supplements (Accessed: 28 September 2022)

G. Nordberg; K. Nogawa; M. Nordberg; L.T. Friberg. Handbook on the Toxicology of Metals, third ed., 2007, Elsevier, California

International Agency for Research and Cancer (IARC). IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. 2009. http://monographs.iarc.fr (Accessed: 16 October 2009)

H. Hopfer; G. Gilleland; S.E. Ebeler; J. Nelson; Beverages, 2017, 3, article number 8

T. Adam; E. Duthie; J. Feldmann; J. I. Brewing, 2002, 108, 459-464

A.M. Camean; I. Moreno; M. Lopez-Artiguez; M. Repetto; A.G. Gonzalez; Talanta, 2001, 54, 53-59

R.I. Rodriguez; M.F. Delgado; J.B. Garcia; R.M.P. Crecente; S.G. Martin; C.H. Latorre; Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 2010, 397, 2603-2614

D. Pantani; Z.M. Sanchez; C. Greene; I. Pinsky; Drug Alcohol Rev., 2021, 40, 509-10

World Health Organization (WHO). Unrecorded alcohol: what the evidence tells us. Snapshot series on alcohol control policies and practice. Brief 2, 2 July 2021

J.N Miller and J. Charlotte Miller; Statistics and Chemometrics for Analytical Chemistry, Pearson Education Ltd, Edinburgh Gate, England, 2005.

C.M.A. Iwegbue; L.C. Overah; F.I. Bassey; B.S. Martincigh. J. Inst. Brew., 2014, 120, 521-528

F.D. Bora; A. Calugar; C.I. Bunea; V. Petrescu Mag; C. Cimpoiu, V.R. Filimon; Stud. Univ. Babes-Bolyai Chem., 2019, 64, 157-176

J. Plotka-Wasylka; M. Frankowski; V. Simeonov; Z. Polkowska; J. Namiesnik; Molecules, 2018, 23, article number 2886.

T.N. van Wyk; F. van Jaarsveld; O.J. Coleb. S. Afr. J. Enol. Vitic., 2021, 42, 36-43

World Health Organisation (WHO), Vitamin and mineral requirements in human nutrition, Second edition, Geneva, 2004 (https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/42716/9291546123.pdf?ua=1, Accessed: 27 January 2021)

Order number 511 bis from 13 June 2006 regarding the surface water quality in order to establish the ecological status of water bodies.

https://legislatie.just.ro/Public/DetaliiDocumentAfis/74255?fbclid=IwAR2PyFHXjme9c-e2cH-W3FJzmOHq4AqT1YlcKdYa9YG-ASk1ncfTuNUiuwQ (Accessed: 22 September 2022)

A.A. Taylor; J.S. Tsuji; M.E. McArdle; W.J. Adams; W.L. Goodfellow Jr.; Risk Analysis, 2022, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1111/risa.13906

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for copper. EFSA J., 2015, 13:4253. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2015.4253 (Accessed: 5 October 2022)

Directive (EU) 2020/2184 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 December 2020 on the quality of water intended for human consumption. Off. J. Eur. U. L 435/1. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/PDF/?uri=CELEX:32020L2184 (Accessed: 2 October 2022)

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Drinking water regulations and contaminants. https://www.epa.gov/sdwa/drinking-water-regulations-and-contaminants (Accessed: 10 October 2022)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Safety of aluminium from dietary intake. EFSA J., 2008, 754, 1–34. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2008.754 (Accessed: 11 September 2022)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on the risk to public health related to the presence of chromium in food and drinking water. EFSA J., 2014, 12:3595. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2014.3595 (Accessed: 11 September 2022)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). EFSA J., 2012, 10(6):2727. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2012.2727 (Accessed: 11 September 2022)

European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Scientific opinion on dietary reference values for manganese. EFSA J., 2013, 11:3419. https://efsa.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.2903/j.efsa.2013.3419 (Accessed 28 September 2022)

World Health Organization (WHO). Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 4th edition. 2017. https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/9789291549950 (Accessed 2 October 2022)

J.C. Davis, Statistics and data analysis in geology, 3rd edition, John Wiley & Sons, Hoboken, New Jersey, USA, 2002, pp. 638

Downloads

Published

2022-12-30

How to Cite

MUNTEAN, N., FRENȚIU, T., RÁKOS, G., & COVACI, E. (2022). THE INFLUENCE OF THE DISTILLATION PROCESS ON THE CONTENT OF METALS IN HOME- AND INDUSTRIALLY-BREWED ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES – RISK ASSESSMENT TO HUMAN HEALTH. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia, 67(4), 215–234. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2022.4.14

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

1 2 > >>