INVESTIGATION OF THE FUNCTIONAL LAYER FORMATION ON THE SURFACE OF CARBON MATERIAL
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2022.4.10Keywords:
hydrothermal carbonization, carbon material, thermal carbonization, walnut shell, activated carbon, functional layer.Abstract
In this study, a comparison of walnut-based carbon materials (CM) obtained by hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) and HTC in combination with steam gas activation (SGA) was carried out. In order to study the effect of steam activation on the functional layer formation, the obtained materials were studied by SEM, nitrogen adsorption/desorption by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) method, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD), X-ray fluorescence elemental analysis (XRF). Functional groups (FG) were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), acetone extract analysis of CM by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and potentiometrically Boehm titration. The described mechanism of the influence of the base nature on the surface functionality correlates well with the results of the powder addition method. The HTC or HTC+SGA treatment provides a wide range of possibilities for further controlled modification of the carbon sorbent surface for specific adsorption purposes.References
A.G.B. Pereira, F.H.A. Rodrigues, A.T. Paulino, A.F. Martins, A.R. Fajardo;
J. Clean. Prod., 2021, 284, 124703.
Ch. Su, Y. Guo, L. Yu, J. Zou, Z. Zeng, L. Li; Mat. Chem. and Phys., 2021, 258, 123930.
E. Frackowiak, B. Francois; Carbon, 2001, 39, 937-950. 4
M.A. Islam, S. Sabar, A. Benhouria, W.A. Khanday, M. Asif, B.H. Hameed;
J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Engrs., 2017, 74, 96-104.
J.L. Figueiredo; J. Mater. Chem., 2013, 1, 9351-9364.
P. González-García; Renew. Sust. Energ. Rev., 2018, 82, 1393-1414.
S. Roldán, I. Villar, V. Ruíz, C. Blanco, M. Granda, R. Menéndez,
R. Santamaría; Energy Fuels, 2010, 24, 3422-3428.
A. Aworn, P. Thiravetyan, W. Nakbanpote; J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis, 2008, 82, 279-285.
S.K. Theydan, M.J. Ahmed; Powd. Tech., 2012, 224,101–108.
Y.A. Rahim, S.N. Aqmar, D.R. Dewi; Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, 4, 22-26.
C. Yang, Q. Pan, Q. Jia, Y. Xin, W. Qi, H. Wei, S. Yang, B. Cao; Appl. Surf. Sci., 2020, 502, 144-423.
Y. Nagakawa, M. Molina-Sabio, F. Rodríguez-Reinoso; Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 2007, 103, 29-34.
G. Cui, J.H. Yoo, J.S. Lee, J. Yoo, J.H. Uhm, G.S. Cha, H. Nam; Analyst, 2001, 126, 1399-1403.
K. Pliuta, A. Chebotarev, A. Koicheva, K. Bevziuk, D. Snigur; Anal. Methods, 2018, 10, 1472-1479.
M. Velmurugan, N. Karikalan, S.M. Chen, Y.H. Cheng, C. Karuppiah; J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2017, 500, 54-62.
H.L. Chiang, C.P. Huang, P.C. Chiang; Chemosphere, 2002, 47, 257-265.
J.R. Rangel-Mendez, M. Streat; Water Res., 2002, 36, 1244-1252.
T. Van Tran, Q.T.P. Bui, T.D. Nguyen, N.T.H. Le, L.G. Bach; Adsorpt. Sci. Technol., 2017, 35, 72-85.
G. Yang, H. Chen, H. Qin, Y. Feng; Appl. Surf. Sci., 2014, 293, 299-305.
Z. Wang, Y. Huang, M. Wang, G. Wu, T. Geng, Y. Zhao, A. Wu; J. Environ. Chem. Eng., 2016, 4, 3185-3192.
S. Schiewer, S.B. Patil; Bioresour. Technol., 2008, 99, 1896-1903.
W. Boulaiche, B. Hamdi, M. Trari; Appl. Water Sci., 2019, 9, 1-10.
A.A. Atchabarova, R.R. Tokpayev, A.T. Kabulov, S.V. Nechipurenko, R.A. Nurmanova, S.A. Yefremov, M.K. Nauryzbayev; Eurasian Chem.-Technol. J., 2016, 18, 141-147.
Arthur W. Adamson; “Physical Chemistry of Surfaces”, Arthur W. Adamson, Alice P. Gast; A Wiley-Interscience publication, 1997, 808 p.
A. Atchabarova, R. Tokpayev, A. Kabulov, S. Nechipurenko, S. Yefremov,
M. Nauryzbayev; Bull. of Univ. of Karaganda-Chem., 2016, 83, 66-71.
J. Serafin, M. Ouzzine, O.F. Cruz Junior, J. Sreńscek-Nazzal; Biomass Bioenergy, 2021, 144, 105925.
H.P. Boehm; Carbon, 1994, 32, 759-769.
X. Fan, Y. Lu, H. Xu, X. Kong, J. Wang; J. Mater. Chem., 2011, 21, 18753-18760.
D.S. Dmitriev, M.V. Ivakhiv, D.V. Agafonov; Bull. of the St. Petersburg State Inst. of Techn., 2018, 44, 21-25.
V.F. Traven; “Organic chemistry”, Academic Book, Moscow, 2004, 727 p.
I.D. Harry, B. Saha, I.W.; J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2006, 304, 9-20.
R.C. Bansal, J.-B. Donnet; “Surface Groups on Carbon Blacks”, in Carbon Black, J.-B. Donnet, R.C. Bansal, M.-J. Wang Eds.; Routledge, New York, 1993, 46 p.
M. Kosmulski; J. Colloid Interface Sci., 2009, 337, 439-448.
B.B. Damaskin; “Electrochemistry”, B.B. Damaskin, O.A. Petrii, G.A. Tsirlina; Koloss-Chemistry, Moscow, 2006, 672 p.
G. Kh. Shabekova; “The current state of the theory of solvation and dissolution”, G. Kh. Shabekova, L.I. Syzdykov; Kazak Universities, Almaty, 2004, 352 p.
J. Schönherr, J. R. Buchheim, P. Scholz, P. Adelhelm; J. of Carb. Research, 2018, 4, 21.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.