Use of Electrodialysis to Produce and Recycle On-site Raw Materials for Waste Printed Circuit Board Recycling Process. I. HBr and Koh Electrosynthesis

Authors

  • Gabriele-Mario BOGDAN Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania.
  • Marian Iosif FRÎNCU Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio Nano Sciences, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9821-4995
  • Sorin-Aurel DORNEANU Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Interdisciplinary Research Institute on Bio Nano Sciences; Research Center of Electrochemistry and Nonconventional Materials, Babes-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. *Corresponding author: sorin.dorneanu@ubbcluj.ro. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2690-6383

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2024.3.11

Keywords:

WPCBs recycling, on-site KOH and HBr electrosynthesis, electrodialysis, filter-press electrochemical reactor, electrochemical concentrations monitoring

Abstract

The technological progress and consumerism trend stimulate electric and electronic equipment replacing, inducing the generation of huge amounts of wastes, many of them containing dangerous (but valuable) waste printed circuit boards (WPCBs). A promising technology for their recycling is based on the electrochemically regenerable Br-/Br2 leaching system, for which the raw materials can be produced and recycled by electrochemical ways. In this context, the present work presents our research concerning the feasibility to produce by electrodialysis, on-site, HBr and KOH, which are required for the electro-hydrometallurgical recovery of metals from WPCBs. For this purpose, a four-compartment filter-press electrochemical reactor, divided by two cation and one anion exchange membranes, was used. The obtained results demonstrate that the proposed process can produce, at a current density of 4 kA/m2, target solutions with concentrations over the required value (of 0.5 M), with average current efficiencies over 73% and 82%, and average specific energy consumptions around 40 and 25 kWh/kg for HBr and KOH, respectively. Moreover, several preliminary measurements performed simultaneously with the electrodialysis tests revealed that, by acquiring rigorous temperature data, the concentrations of the target solutions can be easily and rapidly evaluated and monitored on-line using simple electrochemical sensors for pH and conductivity, but more accurate and exhaustive calibration data is required.

References

A. Hayes, “Consumerism: Definition, Economic Impact, Pros & Cons”, 2024, www.investopedia.com/terms/c/consumerism.asp, Accessed 15.07.2024.

P. I. Tantawi, Int. Rev. Public. Nonprofit Mark., 2024, 21, 1-25.

C. P. Baldé, R, Kuehr, T. Yamamoto, R. McDonald, E. D’Angelo, S. Althaf, G. Bel, D. Otmar, E. Fernandez-Cubillo, V. Forti, V. Gray, H. Sunil, S. Honda, G. Iattoni, D. S. Khetriwal, V. Luda Di Cotremiglia, Y. Lobuntsova, I. Nnorom, N. Pralat, M. Wagner, ”The Global E-waste Monitor 2024”, UNITAR-SCYCLE Programme, ITU, Geneva/Bonn, 2024.

J. Fazari, M. Z. Hossain, P. Charpentier, J. Mater, Sci., 2024, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-024-09941-6.

R. Jha, M. Agrawal, A. Jena, G. Mishra, H. R. Verma, A. Meshram, K. K. Singh, Can. Metall. Q., 2024, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/00084433.2024.2310348.

E. Y. Kim, M. S. Kim, J. C. Lee, J. Jeong, and B. D. Pandey, Hydrometallurgy, 2011, 107(3-4), 124-132.

L. A. Diaz and T. E. Lister, Waste Manag., 2018, 74, 384-392.

S. Fogarasi, F. Imre-Lucaci, A. Egedy, Á. Imre-Lucaci, P. Ilea, Waste Manag., 2015, 40, 136-143.

C. Cocchiara, S. A. Dorneanu, R. Inguanta, C. Sunseri, P. Ilea, J. Clean. Prod., 2019, 230, 170-179.

S. A. Dorneanu, Studia UBB Chemia, 2017, LXII(3), 177-186.

S. A. Dorneanu, A. A. Avram, A. H. Mărincaș, N. Cotolan, T. Frențiu, P. Ilea, Studia UBB Chemia, 2018, LXIII(4), 147-158.

S. Varvara, S. A. Dorneanu, A. Okos, L. M. Muresan, R. Bostan, M. Popa, D. Marconi, P. Ilea, Materials, 2020, 13, 3630.

M. I. Frîncu, E. Covaci, S. A. Dorneanu, P. Ilea, Studia UBB Chemia, 2020, LXV(3), 33-44.

M. I. Frîncu, E. Covaci, S. A. Dorneanu, P. Ilea, Studia UBB Chemia, 2020, LXVI(2), 137-149.

G. M. Bogdan, ”Production by electrodialysis od materials and raw materials for WPCBs recycling”, Batchelor Thesis, FCIC-UBB, Cluj Napoca, Romania, 2024.

H. Deng, H. Wang, Y. Hao, S. Chen, W. Zhang, Sep. Purif. Technol., 2024, 340, 126774.

T. Luo, S. Abdu, M. Wessling, J. Memb. Sci., 2018, 555, 429-454.

J. Ran, L. Wu, Y. He, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, C. Jiang, L. Ge, E. Bakangura, T. Xu., J. Memb. Sci., 2017, 522, 267-291.

C. Jiang, M. M. Hossain, Y. Li, Y. Wang, and T. Xu, J. Memb. Separ. Tech., 2014, 3(4), 185-205.

R. J. Giliam, J. W. Graydon, D. W. Kirk, S. J. Thorpe, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2007, 32, 359-364.

E.S. Shahid, S.H. Afzali, N. Talebbeydokhti, M. Rastegar, Desalin. Water Treat., 2020, 175, 255-262. https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/hydrobromic-acid-1135, Accessed 16.07.2024.

https://www.chemanalyst.com/Pricing-data/caustic-potash-1212, Accessed 16.07.2024.

https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Electricity_price_statistics, Accessed 15.07.2024.

https://www.poundsterlinglive.com/history/USD-EUR-2023, Accessed 15.07.2024. https://www.shippo.co.uk/glossary/fob-free-on-board/, Accessed 16.07.2024.

Downloads

Published

2024-09-30

How to Cite

BOGDAN, G.-M., FRÎNCU, M. I., & DORNEANU, S.-A. (2024). Use of Electrodialysis to Produce and Recycle On-site Raw Materials for Waste Printed Circuit Board Recycling Process. I. HBr and Koh Electrosynthesis. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Chemia, 69(3), 177–191. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbchem.2024.3.11

Issue

Section

Articles

Most read articles by the same author(s)

Similar Articles

<< < 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.