PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN THE TIME OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(2).13Keywords:
COVID-19, physical activity, physical program, upper respiratory tract infection, pandemic.Abstract
On 31 January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared a global state of public health threat following the outbreak of a new coronavirus responsible for COVID-19 infection. To prevent spreading of the disease, various measures such as closing institutions, curfews, locking the country, and targeted quarantine for suspects and infected people are implemented in different countries. Physical inactivity caused by long-term quarantine measures may reduce the regulatory capacity of organ systems to resist viral infections, such as the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. This article aims to advise on how the physical population should exercise physical activity and athletes who are quarantined or, as a result of the measures, are unable to fully exercise in public facilities. As a solution to the lack of physical activity, taking into account the limitations of this time, we proposed a movement program, which we want to contribute to the prevention of disease in COVID-19 and to better manage the current pandemic situation.References
Bergendiová, K. (2021). Ako začať trénovať po prekonaní COVID-19? [cit. 2021-02-24]. Retrieved from: https://www.imunovital.sk/odborne-clanky/trening-po-prekonani-covid-19
Blocken, B. et al. (2020). Towards aerodynamically equivalent COVID19 1.5 m social distancing for walking and running. Pre-print Available online: http://www.urbanphysics.net/Social%20Distancing%20v20_White_Paper.pdf. Accessed 2020
Da Silveira, M. P. et al. (2021). Physical exercise as a tool to help the immune system against COVID-19: an integrative review of the current literature. Clin Exp Med, 21, 15–28. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10238-020-00650-3
Fondell, E. et al. (2011). Physical activity, stress, and self-reported upper respiratory tract infection. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 43(2), 272-279.
Gleeson, M. et al. (2013). Influence of training load on upper respiratory tract infection incidence and antigen‐stimulated cytokine production. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 23(4), 451-457.
Inciardi, R.M. et al. (2020). Cardiac involvement in a patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). JAMA cardiology, 5(7), 819-824.
Jesus, I. et al. (2021). Promising effects of exercise on the cardiovascular, metabolic and immune system during COVID-19 period. J Hum Hypertens, 35(1–3). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41371-020-00416-0
Klentrou, P. et al. (2002). Effect of moderate exercise on salivary immunoglobulin A and infection risk in humans. Eur J Appl Physiol., 87(2), 153-8. doi: 10.1007/s00421-002-0609-1. Epub 2002 Apr 17. PMID: 12070626.
Kohut, M. L. et al. (2009). Chronic exercise reduces illness severity, decreases viral load, and results in greater anti-inflammatory effects than acute exercise during influenza infection. The Journal of Infectious Diseases, 200, 1434–1442. https://doi.org/10.1086/606014
König, D. et al. (2000). Upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: influence of lifestyle, type of sport, training effort, and immunostimulant intake. Exercise Immunology Review, 6, 102-120.
Krüger, K., Mooren, F.C., & Pilat, C. (2016). The Immunomodulatory Effects of Physical Activity. Current Pharmaceutical Design, 22, 3730. https://doi.org/10.2174/1381612822666160322145107
Li, L. Q. et al. (2020). Novel coronavirus patients' clinical characteristics, discharge rate, and fatality rate of meta-analysis. In: WOODS, J.A. et al. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 2(2), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.006
Lowder, T. et al. (2005). Moderate exercise protects mice from death due to influenza virus. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 19(5), 377-380. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2005.04.002.
Matthews, C.E. (2002). Moderate to vigorous physical activity and risk of upper-respiratory tract infection. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 34, 1242-1248. DOI: 10.1097/00005768-200208000-00003
Markovič, R. (2018a). Effectiveness of the complex movement program of physical training for professional soldiers. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 18(3), 1773-1778. DOI:10.7752/jpes.2018.03258
Markovič, R. (2018b). The effects of two different physical training programs on movement performance professional soldiers. Science & Military Journal, 18(2), 39-44, EV 2061/08.
Markovič, R. (2019). Imitačné cvičenia v telesnej príprave profesionálnych vojakov. In: Sport Science in Motion - Proceedings from the scientific conference. Komárno: Univerzita J. Selyeho v Komárne, 2019, pp. 92-100. ISBN 978-80-8122-304-4.
Markovič, R. (2020). Cvičenia na rozvoj pohyblivosti profesionálnych vojakov v rámci komplexného pohybového programu telesnej prípravy. Telesná výchova & šport, 30(1), 38-42.
Markovič, R., & Šimonek, J. (2020). "Vaccination" by stress in physical preparation of professional soldiers. Studia UBB Educatio Artis Gymnasticae, LXV(1),19-26. doi:10.24193/subbeag.65(1).02
Murphy, E.A. et al. (2008). Exercise stress increases susceptibility to influenza infection. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 22(8), 1152-1155.
Nieman, D.C. et al. (1990). Infectious episodes in runners before and after the Los Angeles Marathon. Journal Sports Medical Physiology Fitness, 30, 316-328.
Nieman, D.C. (1997). Risk of upper respiratory tract infection in athletes: an epidemiologic and immunologic perspective. Journal of Athletic Training, 32(4), 344–9.
Nieman, D.C. (2000). Special feature for the Olympics: effects of exercise on the immune system: exercise effects on systemic immunity. Immunology Cell Biology, 78(5), 496-501. doi: 10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-5-.x. PMID: 11050532.
Nieman, D.C. et al. (2005). Immune response to a 30-minute walk. Med Sci Sports Exerc, 37(1), 57-62. doi: 10.1249/01.mss.0000149808.38194.21. PMID: 15632669.
Nieman, D.C., & WENTZ, L.M. (2019). The compelling link between physical activity and the body's defense system. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(3), 201-217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jshs.2018.09.009.
Sharman, J.E. et al. (2019). Exercise and sport science Australia position stand update on exercise and hypertension. Journal of Human Hypertension, 33(12), 837-843.
Siordia, J.A. (2020). Epidemiology and clinical features of COVID-19: A review of current literature. Journal of Clinical Virology, 127, 104357. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104357.
Svendsen, I.S. et al. (2015). Effect of an intense period of competition on race performance and self‐reported illness in elite cross‐country skiers. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 25(6), 846-853.
Wen, C.P. et al. (2011). Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. The Lancet, 378:9798, 1244-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6.
WHO Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) Pandemic 2021. [cit. 2021-02-24]. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/emergencies/diseases/novel-coronavirus-2019.
Woods, J.A. et al. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic and physical activity. Sports Medicine and Health Science, 2(2), 55-64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smhs.2020.05.006.
Yang, C., & Jin, Z. (2020). An acute respiratory infection runs into the most common noncommunicable epidemic—COVID-19 and cardiovascular diseases. JAMA cardiology, 5(7), 743-744.
Yousfi, N. et al. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: how to maintain a healthy immune system during the lockdown - a multidisciplinary approach with special focus on athletes. Biology of Sport, 37(3), 211–216. https://doi.org/10.5114/biolsport.2020.95125.
Yuki, K., Fujiogi, M., & Koutsogiannaki, S. (2020). COVID-19 pathophysiology: a review. Clinical Immunology, 215:108427. doi: 10.1016/j.clim.2020.108427.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
