POLYVALENCE AND POLYMORPHY. MULTIFUNCTIONALITY IN GRAMMAR FROM A LANGUAGE-SPECIFIC FUNCTIONAL PERSPECTIVE
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbphilo.2026.1.04Keywords:
language-specific functional grammar (Coseriu), polyvalence, polymorphy (grammatical synonymy), multifunctionality, isomorphism, grammatical alternation, construction meaning, encoded meaning (signified) and designation, normal language useAbstract
Polyvalence and Polymorphy. Multifunctionality in Grammar from a Language-Specific Functional Perspective. Eugenio Coseriu is widely recognized for his contributions to the theory of language, particularly in areas such as linguistic creativity, language change, the stratificational “architecture” and the layered “structure” of language, lexical structures, universals, and text linguistics. Less attention, however, has been given to his outlines of a theory of “functional syntax” (or “functional grammar”), which highlights complementary perspectives and distinguishes between different types of meaning (Coseriu 1973, 1989, 1996). Building on these distinctions, this article examines multifunctionality – specifically, polyvalence and polymorphy (or “grammatical synonymy”) – from a language-specific functional approach to grammar. While the polyvalence of grammatical elements parallels lexical polyvalence, polymorphy is far less common. To assess its significance, the article explores the functional status of syntactic patterns conceived as full-fledged constructions and illustrates the concept of polymorphy through a case study of the ditransitive (or “dative”) alternation in present-day German.
REZUMAT. Polivalență și polimorfie. Multifuncționalitatea în gramatică, din perspectivă idiomatic-funcțională. Eugenio Coseriu este larg recunoscut pentru contribuțiile sale la teoria limbajului, în special în domenii precum creativitatea lingvistică, schimbarea lingvistică, „arhitectura” stratificată și „structura” nivelelor limbajului, structurile lexicale, universaliile, lingvistica textului. S-a acordat însă mai puțină atenție propunerilor sale privind teoria „sintaxei funcționale” (sau a „gramaticii funcționale”), care evidențiază perspective complementare și distinge diferitele tipuri de semnificate (Coseriu 1973, 1989, 1996). Plecând de la aceste distincții coseriene, articolul examinează multifuncționalitatea – în mod concret polivalența și polimorfia (sau „sinonimia gramaticală”) – dintr-o perspectivă funcțională idiomatic-specifică asupra gramaticii. Dacă polivalența elementelor gramaticale se situează în paralelism cu polivalența lexicală, constatăm că polimorfia este mult mai puțin frecventă. Pentru a evalua semnificația acesteia din urmă, articolul explorează statutul funcțional al structurilor sintactice privite drept construcții complexe și ilustrează conceptul de polimorfie printr-un studiu de caz al alternanței ditransitive (sau „dative”) în limba germană contemporană.
Cuvinte-cheie: gramatică funcțională idiomatică (Coseriu), polivalență, polimorfie (sinonimie gramaticală), multifuncționalitate, izomorfism, alternanță gramaticală, sens construcțional, sens codificat (semnificat) și designare, norma lingvistică
Article history: Received 26 April 2025; Revised 30 May 2025; Accepted 08 December 2025; Available online 30 March 2026; Available print 30 April 2026.
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