DILIGENT POLITICAL AGENCY FOR BRANDING THE ART: RUBENS AND (CULTURAL) DIPLOMACY

Authors

  • Gabriel C. GHERASIM Department of International Relations and German Studies, Faculty of European Studies, Babeș-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania. E-mail: gabriel.gherasim@ubbcluj.ro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2019-6288

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2025.2.03

Keywords:

Rubens, art branding, Antwerp, humanism, art commissions, special envoy, cultural diplomacy

Abstract

Peter Paul Rubens’ (1577-1640) agency as a (cultural) diplomat was characteristically interwoven not only with the extraordinarily intricate and troublesome historical and political contexts of his lifetime but also with his tremendous artistic ambitions and achievements. Considering the Flemish masters’ diligent commitment to both politics and art, the immense quantity of biographical research dedicated to Rubens has marginally enquired about the preeminence of any domain of Rubens’ engagement over the other. The present investigation attempts to find a plausible counterweight between Rubens’ assiduous activism in the worlds of art and politics, respectively, as a key of acknowledging his agency as a (cultural) diplomat. Consequently, certain insights regarding Rubens’ patriotism, the examination of his art within the intellectual tradition of Catholic humanism, and ultimately assessing the roles of diplomatic activism and artistic entrepreneurialism for branding his art could stand as persuasive arguments to illuminate on his (cultural) diplomatic agency at the puzzling crossroads between politics and art.

References

1. Adams, Henry (1993), “Rubens Was Artist, Scholar, Diplomat and a Lover of Life” in Smithsonian Magazine, 58-69.

2. Assimakopoulou, Ianthi (2020), The Offspring of the Medici: A Visual Dialectic Between Myth and History, Mantua: Editoriale Sometti.

3. Auwers, Michael (2013), “The Gift of Rubens: Rethinking the Concept of Gift-Giving in Early Modern Diplomacy” in European History Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 3, 421-441.

4. Bakker, Piet (2017), "Peter Paul Rubens" in Wheelock Jr., Arthur K. (ed.) The Leiden Collection Catalogue, New York: The Leiden Collection, https://www.theleidencollection.com/archive/.

5. Beyme, Klaus von (2011), “Why Is There No Political Science of the Arts?” in Hebel, Udo J.; Wagner, Christoph (eds.), Pictorial Cultures and Political Iconographies: Approaches, Perspectives, Case Studies from Europe and America, Berlin and New York: De Gruyter, 13-32.

6. Bode, Wilhelm von (1974), Maeștrii picturii olandeze și flamande, translated by Eugen Filotti, vol. 2, București: Editura Meridiane.

7. Burckhardt, Jakob (1950), Recollections from Rubens, translated by Mary Hottinger, London: Phaidon Press.

8. Büttner, Nils (2017), “The Hands of Rubens: On Copies and Their Reception” in Kyoto Studies in Art History, no. 2, 41-53.

9. Daiman, Marina (2020), “Rubens, Replicas, and Reputation: Reflections in Italian Art Theory” in Morselli, Raffaella; Paolini, Cecilia (eds.), Rubens e la Cultura Italiana: 1600-1608, Rome: Viella, 149-164.

10. Delbé, Madeline (2020), “Peter Paul Rubens in Florence: Between Art, Feasts, and Diplomacy” in Morselli, Raffaella; Paolini, Cecilia (eds.), Rubens e la Cultura Italiana: 1600-1608, Rome: Viella, 51-66.

11. Freedberg, David (1995), Peter Paul Rubens: Oil Paintings and Oil Sketches, New York: Gagosian Gallery.

12. Freedberg, David (1998), “Rubens and Titian: Art and Politics” in Goldfarb, Hilliard T.; Freedberg, David (eds.), Titian and Rubens: Power, Politics, and Style, Boston: Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum, 29-60.

13. Galletti, Sara (2014), “Rubens’s Life of Maria de’ Medici: Dissimulation and the Politics of Art in Early Seventeenth-Century France” in Renaissance Quarterly, vol. 67, 878–916.

14. Goodman, Elise (1982), “Rubens's Conversatie à la Mode: Garden of Leisure, Fashion, and Gallantry” in The Art Bulletin, vol. 64, no. 2, 247-259.

15. Grindle, Nicholas (2020), “Rubens’s Landscape with St George and the Dragon: Relating Images to their Originals and Changing the Meaning of Representation at the Court of Charles I” in The Court Historian, vol. 25, no. 2, 142–157.

16. Jaffe, Michael (1969), “Rubens as a Collector” in Journal of the Royal Society of Arts, vol. 117, no. 5157, 641-660.

17. Jouves, Barbara (2017), “Compte Rendu d’Exposition: ‘Rubens. Royal Portraits’” Groupe de Recherche en Histoire de l’Art Moderne, November 22, https://grham.hypotheses.org/5172.

18. Klinteberg, Kristina af (2024), “The Divine Role of the Diadem in Rubens’s Marie de’ Medici Cycle” in Journal of Art History, vol. 93, no. 1, 46-62.

19. Lamster, Mark (2009), Master of Shadows: The Secret Diplomatic Career of the Painter Peter Paul Rubens, New York: Doubleday.

20. Marselli, Raffaella (2018), Tra Fiandre e Italia: Rubens 1600-1608. Regesto Biografico-Critico, Rome: Viella.

21. Muller, Jeffrey M. (1982), “Rubens's Theory and Practice of the Imitation of Art” in The Art Bulletin, vol. 64, no. 2, 229-247.

22. Muller, Jeffrey M. (1989), Rubens: The Artist as Collector, Princeton: Princeton University Press.

23. Osborne, Toby (2016), “Anthony van Dyck: A Painter-Diplomat of the Thirty Years’ War?” in Duerloo, Luc; Smuts, R. Malcolm (eds.), The Age of Rubens. Diplomacy, Dynastic Politics, and the Visual Arts in Early Seventeenth Century Europe, Turnhout: Brepols, 181-196.

24. Osborne, Toby (2018), “Translation, International Relations and Diplomacy” in Harding, Sue-Ann; Carbonell-Cortes, Ovidi (eds.), The Routledge Handbook of Translation and Culture, Abingdon, Oxon: Routledge, 517-532.

25. Pollack, Rachel Aviva (2015), Peter Paul Rubens’ Daniel in the Lions’ Den: Its Sources and Its Political Significance, Doctoral Dissertation, University of Maryland.

26. Ribhegge, Wilhelm (2000), “Counter-Reformation Politics, Society and Culture in the Southern Netherlands, Rhineland and Westphalia in the First Half of the 17th Century” in Humanistica Lovaniensia, vol. 49, 173-192.

27. Rooses, Max (1904), Rubens, London: Duckworth & Co.

28. Rubens, Peter Paul (1970), Pictor și Diplomat (Scrisori), București: Editura Meridiane.

29. Ruggio, Thomas; Germano, Thomas (2017), Peter Paul Rubens and the Flemish 17th Century: Masterworks from the Arnold & Seena Davis Collection, New York: Iona College Arts Center.

30. Sass, Maurice (2024), “The Predatory Core: Peter Paul Rubens and the Hunt” in The Art Bulletin, vol. 106, no. 4, 6-32.

31. Simson, Otto Georg von (1944), “Richelieu and Rubens: Reflections on the Art of Politics” in The Review of Politics, vol. 6, no. 4, 422-451.

32. Simson, Otto Georg von (1996), Peter Paul Rubens (1577-1640): Humanist, Maler and Diplomat, Mainz: Verlag Philipp von Zabern.

33. Suter, Constantin (1974), Rubens, București: Editura Meridiane.

34. Vergara, Alexander (1999), Rubens and His Spanish Patrons, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

35. White, Cristopher (1987), Peter Paul Rubens, Man and Artist, New Haven: Yale University Press.

36. Woollett, Anne T.; Suchtelen, Ariane van (2006), Rubens and Brueghel: A Working Friendship, Los Angeles and The Hague: The J. Paul Getty Museum and Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis.

37. Yan, Weihong (2018), “Comparison Between Rubens and Rembrandt’s Creative Thoughts” in Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research, vol. 284, 138-140.

38. Zurawski, Simon (1992), “Reflections on the Pitti Friendship Portrait of Rubens: In Praise of Lipsius and in Remembrance of Erasmus” in The Sixteenth Century Journal, vol. 23, no. 4, 734-745.

Downloads

Published

2025-12-16

How to Cite

GHERASIM, G. C. (2025). DILIGENT POLITICAL AGENCY FOR BRANDING THE ART: RUBENS AND (CULTURAL) DIPLOMACY. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Studia Europaea, 70(2), 35–55. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeuropaea.2025.2.03

Issue

Section

Articles

Similar Articles

<< < 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 > >> 

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.