ISOTONIC VS. ISOKINETIC AQUATIC TRAINING: IMPROVEMENT OF THE NEUROMUSCULAR CONTROL OF THE LOWER LIMBS IN HEALTHY AND UNTRAINED FEMALES
Keywords:
isotonic, isokinetic, neuromuscular control, lower limbAbstract
Introduction. The most important advantage of isotonic training is that there is no need for the human body to perform adjusting processes during execution: hence the accuracy of movement is less perturbed. Recent studies have shown balance and stability improvements after isokinetic training performed either by dynamometer or aquatic programs. Purposes. Our primary goal was to determine what the difference is between concentric isotonic and aquatic isokinetic training programs and how much these types of trainings affect the neuromuscular control of the lower limbs. Improving the subjects’ fitness level and their motivation to exercise regularly was the secondary goal of this study. Methods. Ten young, healthy and untrained female adults participated in this study. The subjects were divided into two groups: aquatic (n=5) and fitness (n=5). Before and after training the subjects’ lower limb neuromuscular control was assessed by the Shark Skill test (SST). The aquatic group (AG) trained in a 1.5 meter deep swimming pool, while the fitness group (FG) trained at a gym, using weights. The subjects of both groups trained for six weeks, three times per week. Results. The final SST proved bilateral amelioration of the neuromuscular control for AG, while FG improved unilaterally. The dominant limb improved more than the non-dominant one. The length of the lower limb negatively influenced the initial SST scores, especially at the FG. The tallest subjects of the AG developed the most their neuromuscular control. Conclusions. Post-experimental neuromuscular control improved in both groups. We did not find evidence that a group improved more than the other. The length of the lower limb negatively influences the neuromuscular control, but it can be developed due to regular training sessions of the lower extremity. The subjects’ fitness level and motivation for regular training increased.
Compararea antrenamentului izotonic cu antrenamentul izokinetic acvatic: îmbunătățirea controlului neuromuscular al membrelor inferioare la femei sănătoase și neantrenate. Introducere. Principalul avantaj impus de antrenamentul izotonic se manifestă prin absența capacității de adaptare a organismului pe parcursul exersării, facilitând o execuție mai precisă, lipsită de factori perturbători. Studii recente dovedesc ameliorarea echilibrului, în consecință și a stabilității, în urma antrenamentelor izokinetice fie pe dispozitiv, fie în mediul acvatic. Obiective. Depistarea diferenței dintre efectele antrenamentului izokinetic acvatic și antrenamentului izotonic concentric asupra controlului neuromuscular al membrelor inferioare a reprezentat obiectivul primordial. Secundar, am urmărit creșterea nivelului de fitness al subiecților și dezvolarea motivației acestora de a efectua exercițiu fizic. Metode. Zece subiecți tineri, sănătoși, neantrenați și de sex feminin au participat la acest experiment. Aceștia au fost evaluați prin testul Shark (SST) și împărțiți în două grupe experimentale: lotul bazin (n=5) și lotul fitness (n=5). Lotul bazin (AG) s-a antrenat la o adâncime a apei de 1.5 metri, iar lotul fitness (FG) a efectuat exerciții într-o sală de fitness cu ajutorul aparatelor. Ambele grupe s-au antrenat cu o frecvență de trei ședințe pe săptămână, pe durata a șase săptămâni. Rezultate. Conform SST, AG a demonstrat îmbunătățiri bilaterale ale controlului neuromuscular, iar FG a evoluat doar unilateral. S-au observat ameliorări din perspectiva membrului dominant. Lungimea membrelor inferioare a influențat negativ scorul inițial al SST, vizibil în special la FG. Controlul neuromuscular al subiecților cu membre inferioare mai lungi din AG s-a dezvoltat în cea mai mare măsură. Concluzii. Controlul neuromuscular post-experimental a fost îmbunătățit în cazul ambelor loturi. Diferența dintre efectele celor două tipuri de antrenament este nesemnificativă. Lungimea membrelor inferioare influențează negativ controlul neuromuscular, însă acesta se poate îmbunătăți prin efectuarea regulată a unor exerciții fizice analitice adresate trenului inferior al corpului. S-a atins obiectivul creșterii nivelului de fitness și obținerea aspirației de a efectua exercițiu fizic în mod regulat.
Cuvinte cheie: izotonic, izokinetic, control neuromuscular, membre inferioare
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