WINE TOURISM AND SMALL TOWNS WITH (NO) DREAMS: THE CASE OF ROMANIA
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2025.4.01Keywords:
wine tourism, small towns, RomaniaAbstract
The present paper investigates the point of intersection between wine tourism and urban tourism in 87 Romanian small towns. The presence of vineyards and wine-incentives represent distinctive features with the potential to become (niche) tourism attractions, therefore having the capacity to provide a competitive edge for these towns in a fierce and aggressive tourism market. For the current investigation, the research question is: do the wine-attractions related to these localities influence the tourist accommodation facilities and arrivals and therefore their position as wine tourism destinations? The research results show, with painful clarity, that the Romanian municipalities and towns related to wine-attractions do not use this differentiating feature in order to raise their profile as wine tourism destinations. Having wine-related attractions at their core, Romanian smaller urban localities could benefit from potential factors to regenerate their economic and social conditions through tourism. Most of them are presently ignoring this competitive advantage, seeming to have no dreams to become wine tourism destinations.
Article History: Received: Mai 27, 2025; Reviewed: October 24, 2025;
Accepted: December 2, 2025; Available online: December 18, 2025.
JEL classification: L83, Z32
References
Ali, F., Rasoolimanesh, S.M., Sarstedt, M., Ringle, C.M. & Ryu, K. (2018). An assessment of the use of Partial Least Squares – Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in hospitality research. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 514-538. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-10-2016-0568
Andrade-Suarez, M. & Caamano-Franco, I. (2020). The relationship between industrial heritage, wine tourism, and sustainability: A case of local community perspective. Sustainability, 12(18), 7453. https://doi.org/10.3390u12187453
Ashworth, G. & Page, S.J. (2011). Urban tourism research. Recent progress and current paradoxes. Tourism Management, 32(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2010.02.002
Atkinson, R. (2019). The small towns conundrum. What we do about them? Regional Statistics, 9(2), 1-17. https://doi.org/10.15196/RS090201
Baird, T., Hall, C. M. & Castka, P. (2018). New Zealand winegrowers’ attitudes and behaviors toward wine tourism and sustainable winegrowing. Sustainability, 10(3), 797. https://doi.org/10.3390u10030797
Becker, C. (1984). Wine tourism on the Moselle. Berichte zur Deutschen Landeskunde, 58(2), 381–407.
Ben Tahar, Y., Haller, C. & Massa, C. (2021). Business tourism in the wine sector: An exploratory study. Journal of Wine Research, 32(4), 262-280. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2021.2012442
Bodiroga, R., Banjanin, T., Vukojevic Ateljevic, D. & Kerma, S. (2024). The trends in viticulture and winemaking in the context of wine tourism development in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Geographica Slovenica, 64(3), 33-48. https://doi.org/10.3986/AGS.13545
Bonarou, C., Tsartas, P. & Sarantakou, E. (2019). E-storytelling and wine tourism branding: Insights from the wine roads of Northern Greece. In M. Sigala & R. N. Robinson (Eds.), Wine tourism destination management and marketing: Theory and cases, 77-98. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00437-8
Bonn, M.A., Cho, M. & Um, H. (2018). The evolution of wine research. A 26-year historical examination of topics, trends, and future direction. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 30(1), 286-312. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJCHM-09-2016-0521
Briciu, A., Briciu, V-A. & Kavoura, A. (2020), Evaluating how ‘smart’ Brasov can be virtually via a mobile application for cultural tourism. Sustainability, 12(3), 5324. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12135324
Brown-Saracino, J. (2020). Epilogue: Lessons from the sociology of small cities and other understudied locales. City and Community. 19(1), 217–222. https://doi.org/10.1111/cico.12459
Bruwer, J. & Rueger-Muck, E. (2018). Wine tourism and hedonic experience: A motivation-based experiential view. Tourism and Hospitality Research, 19(4), 488-502. https://doi.org/10.1177/1467358418781444
Buerkner, H-J. & Totelecan, S.G. (2018). Assemblage of urban leisure culture in inner-city Bucharest. International Journal of Urban and Regional Research, 42(5), 786-806. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.12630
Caldeira, A.M., Kastenholz, E., Alves da Silva, A. & Martins, M.R. (2021). How do tourists consume a wine destination in central Portugal? A apace-time analysis. Cadernas de Geografia, 44, 81-97. https://doi.org/10.14195/0871-1623_44_6
Camara Malerba, R., Kastenholz, E. & Carneiro, M.J. (2023). Family-friendly wine tourism? A debate with evidence from three Portuguese wine routes. Zeitschrift für Tourismuswissenschaft, 15(3), 251-275. https://doi.org/10.1515/tw-2023-2009
Candrea, A.N., Constantin, C. & Ispas, A. (2017), Public-private partnerships for a sustainable tourism development of urban destinations. The case of Brasov, Romania. Transylvanian Review of Administrative Sciences, Special Issue, December, (Haruta C. & Moldovan, O. eds.), 38-56. https://doi.org/10.24193/tras.SI2017.3
Campos-Andaur, P., Padilla-Lobo, K., Contreras-Barraza, N., Salazar-Sepulveda, G. & Vega-Munoz, A. (2022). The wine effects in tourism studies: Mapping the research referents. Sustainability, 14(5), 2569. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14052569
Cepeda-Carrion, G., Cegarra-Navarro, J.-G. & Cillo, V. (2019). Tips to use Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) in Knowledge Management. Journal of Knowledge Management, 23(1), 67-89. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-05-2018-0322
Cevik, S. & Sacilik, M.Y. (2023). A new gastronomic route encompassing oleo tourism and wine tourism along the olive corridor of South Marmara in Türkiye. Tourism & Heritage Journal, 5, 56-79. https://doi.org/10.1344/THJ.2023.5.4
Chasovschi, C. (2019). The evolution of Destination Management Organizations (DMOs) in Romania. The USV Annals of Economics and Public Administration, 19, 2(30), 15-24. Available at: http://annals.seap.usv.ro/index.php/annals/article/view/1209/973
Chiodo, E., Giordano, L., Tubi, J. & Salvatore, R. (2020). Wine routes and sustainable social organization within local tourist supply: Case studies of two Italian regions. Sustainability, 12(22), 9388. https://doi.org/10.3390u12229388
Cianga, I. (2020). Festivals, place-making and local economic development: The Untold Festival in Cluj. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 506-520. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2020.1775402
Cunha, D., Kastenholz, E. & Lane, B. (2021). Challenges for collecting questionnaire-based onsite survey data in a niche tourism market context: The case of wine tourism in rural areas. Sustainability, 13(21), 12251. https://doi.org/10.3390u132112251
Davidescu, A.A.M., Strat, V.A., Grosu, R.M., Zgură, I.D. & Anagnoste, S. (2018). The regional development of the Romanian rural tourism sector. Amfiteatru Economic, 20 (S12), 854-869. https://doi.org/10.24818/EA/2018/S12/854
Della Lucia, M., Trufino, M. & Go, F.M. (2016). Heritage and urban regeneration: Towards creative tourism. In Bellini, N. & Pasquinelli, C. (eds.), Tourism in the City. Towards an Integrative Agenda on Urban Tourism, Springer, Cham., 179-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26877-4_12
Del Chiappa, G., Alebaki, M. & Menexes, G. (2019). Winery operators’ perceptions of factors affecting wine tourism development. In Kozak, N., Kozak, M. (eds), Tourist Destination Management. Tourism, Hospitality & Event Management. Springer, Cham., 177-191. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16981-7_10
Depetris Chauvin, N. (2025). Tourism and services diversification in the global wine industry: Ten stylized facts. Tourism Economics, 31(6), 1095-1114. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166251314624
Dijkstra, L. & Poelma, H. (2012). Cities in Europe – The new OECD-EC definition, Regional Focus (RF) 01/2012, available at: https://ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/en/information/publications/regional-focus/2012/cities-in-europe-the-new-oecd-ec-definition
Dimitrova, G. (2020). Wine tourism clusters as means to build local identity. Knowledge International Journal, 42(5), 901-906. Available at: https://ojs.ikm.mk/index.php/kij/article/view/651/650
Dossou, T.A.M., Ndomandji Kambaye, E., Bekun, F.V. & Eoulam, A.O. (2023). Exploring the linkage between tourism, governance quality, and poverty reduction in Latin America, Tourism Economics, 29(1), 210-234. https://doi.org/10.1177/13548166211043974
Dreyer, A. (2019). Wine plus tourism offers: It is not all about wine – wine tourism in Germany. In Sigala, M. & Robinson, R. N. (eds.), Wine Tourism Destination Management and Marketing: Theory and Cases, 399-422. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00437-8
Duran-Sanchez, A., Alvarez-Garcia, J., de la Cruz de Rio-Rama, M. & Gonzalez-Vazquez, E. (2016). Literature review of wine tourism research: Bibliometric analysis (1984-2014). In Peris-Ortiz et al. (eds), Wine and tourism, Springer International Publishing Switzerland, pp. 257-273. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-18857-7_18
European Cities Marketing (ECM) (2014). ECM presents the results of tourism in Europe through its benchmarking report 2014. Available at http://www.europeancitiesmarketing.com/ecm-presents-results-tourism-europe-benchmarking-report-2014/
Edwards, D., Griffin, T. & Hayllar, B. (2008). Urban tourism research. Developing an agenda. Annals of Tourism Research, 35(4), 1032-1052. https://doi.org/j.annals.2008.09.002
Egresi, I. & Buluc, M. (2016). Local gastronomy: A tasty tourist attraction in Turkey. In I. Egresi (ed.), Alternative tourism in Turkey. Role, Potential Development, and Sustainability, Springer, 229-246. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47537-0
Ferreira, S.L.A. & Hunter, C.A. (2017). Wine tourism development in South Africa: A geographical analysis. Tourism Geographies, 19(5), 676–698. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1298152
Ferreira, S. (2020). Wine tourism development: Life cycles of wine routes, wine resorts and lifestyles in the Cape Winelands. In Rogerson, J., Visser, G. (eds), New Directions in South African Tourism Geographies. Geographies of Tourism and Global Change, Springer, Cham, pp. 203-206. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29377-2_12
Figueroa, E. B. & Rotarou, E. S. (2018). Challenges and opportunities for sustainable development of wine tourism sector in Chile. Journal of Wine Research, 29(4), 243–264. https://doi.org/10.1080/09571264.2018.1532880
Fleseriu, C., Cosma, S.A. & Bota, M., (2018). Cluj-Napoca European Youth Capital: Why to attend a major event. In Katsoni, V. & Velander, K. (eds.), Innovative Approaches to Tourism and Leisure, Spinger Proceedings in Business and Economics, Springer, Cham, 89-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67603-6_6
Garcia Revilla, M.R. & Martinez Moure, O. (2021). Wine as a tourist reSource: New manifestations and consequences of a quality product from the perspective of sustainability. Case analysis of the province of Málaga. Sustainability, 13(23), 13003. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132313003
Getz, D. & Brown, G. (2006). Critical success factors for wine tourism regions: A demand analysis. Tourism Management, 27(1), 146–158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2004.08.002
Gomez, M., Pratt, M.A. & Molina, A. (2019). Wine tourism research: A systematic review of 20 vintages from 1995 to 2014. Current Issues in Tourism, 22(18), 2211-2249, https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2018.1441267
Hair, J.F., Risher, J.J., Sarstedt, M. & Ringle, C.M., (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM, European Business Review, 31(1), 2-24. https://doi.org/10.1108/EBR-11-2018-0203
Hall, P. (2005). The World’s urban systems: A European perspective. Global Urban Development 1(1), 1-12. Available at: https://globalurban.org/Issue1PIMag05/Hall%20PDF.pdf
Haller, C., Thach, L. & Olsen, J. (2020). Understanding e-winetourism practices of European and North American wineries. Journal of Gastronomy and Tourism, 4(3), 141–156. https://doi.org/10.3727/216929720X15846938923987
Havadi Nagy, K.X. & Espinosa Segui, A. (2020). Experiences of community-based tourism in Romania: Chances and challenges. Journal of Tourism Analysis/Revista de Analisis Turistico, 27(2), 143-163. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-08-2019-0033
Henderson, J. (2017). Global cities, Tokyo, urban tourism. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 3(2), 143-157. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-01-2017-0006
Horlings, L., Roep, D. & Wellbrock, W. (2018). The role of leadership in place-based development and building institutional arrangements. Local Economy, 33(3), 245-268. https://doi.org/10.1177/0269094218763050
Ingrassia, M., Altamore, L., Bellia, C., Lo Grasso, G., Silva, P., Bacarella, S., Columba, P. & Chironi, S. (2022). Visitor’s motivational framework and wine routes’ contribution to sustainable agriculture and tourism, Sustainability, 14(19), 12082. https://doi.org/10.3390/su141912082
Jucu, I.S. (2020). Rebranding the cultural legacy of communism: The Golden Stag Festival (Brasov, Romania) and Local Placemaking. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 465-477. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2020.1775400
Karamehmedovic, D. & Raspudic, A. (2024). Key factors for developing sustainable wine tourism in the West Herzegovina Canton, Oeconomica Jadertina, 14(2), 83-99. https://doi.org/10.15291/oec.4565
Kim, J.H., Brent Ritchie, J.R. & Tung, V.W.S. (2010). The effect of memorable experience on behavioral intentions in tourism: A structural equation modelling approach. Tourism Analysis, 15(6), 637-648. https://doi.org/10.3727/108354210X12904412049776
Kim, A.K.J., Del Chiappa, G. & Napolitano, E. (2019). Understanding the wine tourist market’s motivations, travel constraints, and perceptions of destination attributes. A case study of winery visitors in Sardinia, Italy. In Sigala, M. & Robinson, R. N. (eds.), Wine Tourism Destination Management and Marketing: Theory and Cases, 9-28. Palgrave MacMillan. https://doiorg/10.1007/978-3-030-00437-8
Kotur, A.S. (2023). A bibliometric review of research in wine tourism experiences: Insights and future research directions. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 35(2), 278-297. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-07-2022-0024
Liberato, D., Sousa, B., Paiga, H. & Liberato, P. (2023). Exploring wine tourism and competitiveness trends: Insights from Portuguese context. E-Revista des Estudos Interculturais do CEI-ISCAP, 11. Available at: http://hdl.handle.net/10400.22/22778
Light, D., Cretan, R., Voiculescu, S. & Jucu, I.S. (2020). Introduction: Changing tourism in the cities of post-communist Central and Eastern Europe. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 478-493. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2020.1775405
Lin, M.-P., Marine-Roig, E. & Llonch-Molina, N. (2021). Gastronomy as a sign of the identity and cultural heritage of tourist destinations: A bibliometric analysis 2001–2020. Sustainability 13(22), 12531. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132212531
Lupu, C. & Ganusceac, A. (2023). The development of wine tourist experience in Dealu Mare region, Romania. Central European Journal of Geography and Sustainable Development, 5(1), 18-31. https://doi.org/10.47246/CEJGSD.2023.5.1.2
Martinez-Falco, J., Marco-Lajara, B., Sanchez-García, E. & Millan-Tudela, L.A. (2024). Spain's wine tourism: Evaluating the economic contributions of wineries and museums. In Martínez-Falco, J., Marco-Lajara, B., Sanchez-García, E., Millan-Tudela, L.A. (eds), Wine Tourism and Sustainability. Palgrave Macmillan, Cham, 73-92. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-48937-2_4
Martinez-Navarro, J. & Sellers-Rubio, R. (2024). Three decades of research on wine marketing. Heliyon, 10, e30938. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30938
Maxim, C. (2019). Challenges faced by world tourism cities – London’s perspective, Current Issues in Tourism, 22(9), 1006-1024. https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2017.1347609
McGregor, A. & Robinson, R.N. (2019). Wine industry and wine tourism industry collaboration: A typology and analysis. In Sigala, M. & Robinson, R. N. (eds.), Wine Tourism Destination Management and Marketing: Theory and Cases. Palgrave MacMillan, 381-397. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00437-8
Ministerul Economiei, Digitalizării, Antreprenoriatului și Turismului (MoT) (2025). Lista organizațiilor de management al destinației avizate [online]. Available at: https://turism.gov.ro/web/prima-pagina/omd/
Montella, M.M. (2017). Wine tourism and sustainability: A review. Sustainability, 9(1), 113. https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010113
Morrison, A.M. (2020). Marketing and managing city tourism destinations. In Morrison, A.M. & Coca-Stefaniak, J.A. (eds), Routledge Handbook of Tourism Cities, Routledge, New York, 135-161. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429244605
National Institute of Statistics (NIS) (2025), TempoOnline Database [online]. Available at: http://statistici.insse.ro:8077/tempo-online/#/pages/tables/insse-table.
Nientied, P. (2021). Rotterdam and the question of new urban tourism. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 7(2), 344-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-03-2020-0033
Nunez-Maldonado, A., Flores-Romero, M.B. & Duran-Sanchez, A. (2022). The PLS method in tourism research: A bibliometric approach. Tourism and Hospitality International Journal, 18(1), 84-99. https://doi.org/10.57883/thij18(1)2022.30918
Oltean, F.D. & Gabor, M.R. (2022). Wine tourism – A sustainable management tool for rural development and vineyards: Cross-cultural analysis of the consumer profile from Romania and Moldova. Agriculture, 12 (10), 1614. https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12101614
Pasquinelli, C. & Bellini, N. (2016). Global context, policies and practices in urban tourism: An introduction. In Bellini, N. &, Pasquinelli, C. (eds), Tourism in the Ccity. Towards an integrative Agenda on Urban Tourism, Springer, Cham, 1-25. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-26877-4_1
Pop, C., Cosma, S., Negrușa, A., Ionescu, C. & Marinescu, N. (2007). Romania as a Tourist Destination and the Romanian Hotel Industry. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Pop, C. & Georgescu, M.A. (2019). Romanian rural world heritage sites and tourism development. Entrepreneurial Business and Economics Review, 7(1), 135-158. https://doi.org/10.15678/EBER.2019.070108
Pop, C. & Coros, M.M., (2023), Rural areas and wine tourism: The case of Romania, Studia UBB Negotia, 68(1), 5-29. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbnegotia.2023.1.01
Pop, C., Coros, M.M. & Georgescu, M.A., (2023). Wine routes in rural Romania. In Marco-Lajara, B., Gilinsky, A., Martinez-Falco, J., & Sanchez-Garcia, E. (eds), Handbook of Research on Sustainability Challenges in the Wine Industry, IGI Global, USA, 283-338. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-6942-2.ch014
Popescu, F. & Voiculescu, S. (2020). Place-making and tourism logistics in Timisoara. Facing the tasks of the newly appointed European Cultural Capital for 2021. Journal of Balkan and Near Eastern Studies, 22(4), 534-546. https://doi.org/10.1080/19448953.2020.1775404
Powe, N.A., Connely, S. & Nel, E. (2022). Planning for small town reorientation: Key policy choices within external support, Journal of Rural Studies, 90, 65-75. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rurstud.2022.01.009
Powell, R., Kennell, J. & Bartin, C. (2018). Dark cities: A dark tourism index for Europe’s tourism cities, based on the analysis of DMO websites. International Journal of Tourism Cities, 4(1), 4-21. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJTC-09-2017-0046
Rachao, S., Breda, Z., Fernandes, C. & Joukes, V. (2019). Enogastronomy in Northen Portugal. Destination cooperation and regional identity. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research, 7(2), 216-237. https://doi.org/10.30519/ahtr.573163
Richards, G. & Duif, L. (2018). Small cities with big dreams. Routledge, New York. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351201193
Richards, G. (2024). Small cities: Developing collaborative advantage through creativity. Linguaggi specialistici e traduzione tecnica, 2024(2), 21-44. https://doi.org/10.1285/i27241688n2p21
Roy, N., Gretzel, U., Waitt, G.R. & Yanamandram, V.K. (2019). Gastronomic trails as service ecosystems. University of Wollongong, Faculty of Business – Papers. 1648. Available at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/buspapers/1648
Ruggeri, G., Corsi, S. & Mazzocchi, C. (2024). A bibliometric analysis of the wine economics and business research: Insights, trends, and future directions. International Journal of Wine Business Research, 36(1), 14-39. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWBR-06-2023-0032
Salvado, J. & Kastenholz, E. (2017). Sustainable wine tourism eco-systems through co-opetition. Revista Tourismo & Desenvolvimento, 27/28 (1), 1917-1931. Available at: https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20183214577
Santos V., Ramos P., Sousa B. & Valeri M. (2021). Towards a framework for the global wine tourism system. Journal of Organizational Change Management 35(2), 348-360. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOCM-11-2020-0362
Santos, V., Dias, A., Ramos, P., Madeira, A. & Sousa, B. (2022). The influence of wine storytelling on the global wine tourism experience. Wine Economics and Policy, 11(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.36253/wep-11454
Scherf, K. (2021). Creative tourism in smaller communities: Places, culture, and local representation. University of Calgary Press, Alberta, Canada. Available at: https://library.oapen.org/bitstream/handle/20.500.12657/57684/9781773851891.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sidorkiewicz M. (2023). Analysis of Poland’s enotourism product model. Quaestiones Geographicae 42(4), 107-119. https://doi.org/10.14746/quageo-2023-0033
Smith, M.K. & Klicek, T. (2020). Tourism cities in post-communist countries. In Morrison, A.M. & Coca-Stefaniak, J.A. (eds), Routledge Handbook of Tourism Cities, Routledge, New York, 493-507. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429244605
Sorcaru, I.A., Muntean, M-C., Manea, L-D. & Nistor, R. (2024). Entrepreneurs’ perceptions of innovation, wine tourism experience, and sustainable wine tourism development: the case of Romanian wineries. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 20, 901-934. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11365-023-00918-6
Steinfuehrer, A. (2022). Between urban and rural: socio-spatial identities in small and medium-sized towns. In Mayer, H. & Lazzeroni, M. (eds), A research agenda for small and medium-sized towns, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham, UK. 9-22. Available at: https://literatur.thuenen.de/digbib_extern/dn065993.pdf
Stoica, I-V., Tulla, A.F., Zamfir, D. & Petrisor, A-I. (2020). Exploring the urban strength of small towns in Romania, Social Indicators Research, 152, 843-875. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02465-x
Susila, I., Dean, D., Harismah, K., Priyono, K.D., Setyawan, A.A. & Maulana, H. (2024). Does interconnectivity matter? An integrated model of agrotourism development, Asia Pacific Management Review, 29(1), 104-114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmrv.2023.08.003
Tafel, M. & Szolnoki, G. (2020). Estimating the economic impact of tourism in German wine regions, International Journal of Tourism Research, 22(6), 788-799. https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2380
Tanase, M. O., Dina, R., Isac, F.-L., Rusu, S., Nistoreanu, P. & Mirea, C.N. (2022). Romanian wine tourism – A paved road or a footpath in rural tourism? Sustainability, 14(7), 4026. https://doi.org/10.3390u14074026
Turnock, D. (2006). Alternative tourism in Romania: The role of culture and ecology. Geographica Pannonica, 10, 56-72. Available at: https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/0354-8724/2006/0354-87240610056T.pdf
Ungureanu, M. (2015). Wine road – an instrument for the valorization of the wine tourism potential. Case study: Alba county vineyards. Analele Universității din Oradea. Seria Geografie, 25(2), 195-210. Available at: https://geografie-uoradea.ro/Reviste/Anale/Art/2015-2/7.AUOG_683_Ungureanu.pdf
UNWTO (2018). 3rd UNWTO Global Conference on Wine Tourism: Wine Tourism as a Tool for Rural Development Chisinau, Moldova, 6-7 September 2018. Available at: http://www2.unwto.org/press-release/2018-09-10/unwto-hails-wine-tourismapproach-sustainable-rural-development
UNWTO (2025). UN Tourism Dashboard, [online]. Available at: https://www.unwto.org/tourism-data/un-tourism-tourism-dashboard
Vazquez Vicente, G., Martin Barroso, V. & Blanco Jimenez, F.J. (2021). Sustainable tourism, economic growth and employment – The case of the wine routes of Spain, Sustainability, 13(13), 7164. https://doi.org/10.3390u13137164
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Negotia
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
