Identify Appropriate Variables Through Scenario Planning Perspective for Creative Tourism in Iran

Mir Najaf MOUSAVI; Kamran Jafarpour GHALEHTEIMOURI; Nazanin Zahra SOTOUDEH; Mohammad Reza Amiri FAHLIANI

doi:10.24193/subbgeogr.2023.2.01

Authors

Mir Najaf MOUSAVI Urmia University, Department of Geography and Urban Planning, Urmia, Iran, e-mail: m.mousavi@urmia.ac.ir
Kamran Jafarpour GHALEHTEIMOURI Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Geographical Sciences, Faculty of Geography and Urban Planning, Kharazmi University, Human Sciences building 4th floor, Tehran, Iran, e-mail: space.kamran@gmail.com https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2699-4456
Nazanin Zahra SOTOUDEH Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran, e-mail: nzsetoudeh@yahoo.com
Mohammad Reza Amiri FAHLIANI Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran, e-mail: amiri_reza88@yahoo.com https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5497-3997

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbgeogr.2023.2.01

Keywords:

Foresight, Tourism planning, Creative tourism, MicMac, Scenario Wizard.

Abstract

This study explores the major factors affecting the creative tourism market in Iran and their potential to drive national and regional development in the long run. The study employs the MicMac and Scenario Wizard software to identify the variables and their relationships and influence on each other. The study finds that communication infrastructure is a general factor that affects all guest communities, while others are specific to capital attraction from Middle Eastern countries. These include improving political relations with these countries and digital advertising and marketing of Iran’s development. This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a new teaching methodology on student performance in mathematics. The methodology involved a combination of interactive lectures, group discussions, and hands-on activities. A quasi-experimental design was used, with one group of students receiving the new methodology and a control group receiving traditional teaching methods. The study was conducted over the course of one semester with pre- and post-tests administered to both groups. The results showed a significant improvement in the performance of the experimental group compared to the control group. The experimental group had a mean post-test score of 87.5, compared to the control group’s mean score of 76.2. The influence graph shows the relationships between the variables and how they influence one another, and the spatial structure of the direct driving forces of creative tourism development in Iran is indicated at a rate of 25%. This research offers insights and recommendations for policymakers, tourism practitioners, and scholars interested in the development of creative tourism in Iran. These findings suggest that the new teaching methodology can be an effective way to improve student performance in mathematics. Further research could explore the impact of this methodology on other subjects and in different settings.

References

Abedi, S., & Sedaghat, M. (2019), Determining the Components of Economic Development of Iranian Tourism with Emphasis on Climate Change, Quarterly Journal of Environmental Economics and Natural Resources (EENR), 3 (7). DOI: 10.22054/EENR.2020.12489

Assaker, G., Hallak, R., Vinzi, V. E., & O’Connor, P. (2014), An empirical operationalization of countries’ destination competitiveness using partial least squares modeling, Journal of Travel Research, 53 (1), p. 26-43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287513481275

Bastenegar, M., Hasani, A., & Khakzar Befruee, M. (2017), The Design of Creative Tourism Conceptual Model, Journal of Tourism and Development, 6 (2), p. 81-108. DOI: 10.22034/JTD.2020.110411

Connell, J., & Page, S. J. (2008), Exploring the spatial patterns of car-based tourist travel in Loch Lomond and Trossachs National Park, Scotland, Tourism Management, 28 (3), p. 561–580. DOI: doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2007.03.019

Daniali, S., & Sharifzadegan, M. H. (2019), Strategic Urban Development Planning Based on Scenario writing Approach (Case Study: Qazvin City), Journal of Geographical Engineering of Territory (JGET), 3 (6). URL: http://www.jget.ir/article_105903.html

Dogru, T., Suess, C., & Sirakaya-Turk, E. (2020), Why do some countries prosper more in tourism than others? Global competitiveness of tourism development, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 45 (1), p. 215-256. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1177/1096348020911706

Duxbury, N., & Richards, G. (2019), Towards a research agenda for creative tourism: Developments, diversity, and dynamics, in: Duxbury, N., & Richards, G. (eds.), A research agenda for creative tourism, DOI: https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788110723.00008

Fletcher, J. E., & Archer, B. H. (1991), The development and application of multiplier analysis, Progress in Tourism, Recreation and Hospitality Management, 3, p. 28-47.

Gato, M. A., Costa, P., Cruz, A. R., & Perestrelo, M. (2020), Creative tourism as boosting tool for placemaking strategies in peripheral areas: Insights from Portugal, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 1096348020934045. DOI: 10.1177/1096348020934045

Ghalehteimouri, K. J., Mousavi, M., Hekmatnia, H., & Kashkouli, A. B. (2020), Providing a comprehensive model of inter-sectoral coordination with the express purpose of the creative city realization: Case study of Yazd city, UXUC-User Experience and Urban Creativity, 2 (2), p. 22-41.

Ghalehteimouri, K. J., Shamaei, A., & Ros, F. B. C. (2021), Effectiveness of spatial justice in sustainable development and classification of sustainability in Tehran province, Regional Statistics, 11 (2), p. 52-80.

Gholami, M., Rastegar, M., Abdellahi, A., Mirjafari, R. (2015), Identification and Prioritization of Tourism Development Strategies in Shiraz Applying SWOT technique and ANP model, Geography and Environmental Sustainability, 5 (2), p. 83-97. URL: https://ges.razi.ac.ir/article_405.html

Godet, M. (2000), The art of scenarios and strategic planning: tools and pitfalls, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 65 (1), p. 3–22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0040-1625(99)00120-1

Holjevac, A. I. (2003), A Vision of Tourism and the Hotel Industry in the 21st Century, Hospitality Management, 22. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0278-4319(03)00021-5

Hung, W.-L., Lee, Y.-J., & Huang, P.-H. (2016), Creative experiences, memorability and revisit intention in creative tourism, Current Issues in Tourism, 19 (8), p. 763-770. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/13683500.2013.877422

Isler, T. (2008), “Where Bed Taxes Go”, Meetings and Conventions, February 1. URL: http://www.meetings-conventions.com/News/Features/Where-Bed-Taxes-Go/?p=2

Javanshiri, M., Anabestani, A. A., & Sojasi Qeidari, H. (2020), Analysis and Foresight of Physical Developments of Rural Settlements in the Suburbs of Mashhad Metropolis, Scientific Quarterly of Spatial Planning, 10 (2). DOI: 10.22108/sppl.2020.120020.1443

Lee, J., & Lee, H. (2015), Deriving strategic priority of policies for creative tourism industry in korea using AHP, Procedia Computer Science, 55, p. 479-484. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2015.07.018

Maisel, E. (2009), Bridging the artist-tourist gap, in: Wurzburger, R., Pratt, S. and Pattakos, A. (eds.), Creative Tourism. A global conversation, Sunstone Press, p. 171-182.

Maleki, S., & Amiri Fahliani, M. R. (2019), The Interrelationship between Strategic Management and Tourism in the Age of Globalization, Quarterly Journal of Strategic and Macro Policies, 8 (4). DOI: 10.32598 / JMSP.7.4.8

McGehee, Nancy G., Fang Meng, and Yodmanee Tepanon (2006), Understanding Legislators and Their Perceptions of the Tourism Industry: The Case of North Carolina, USA, 1990 and 2003, Tourism Management 27 (4), p. 684–94. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2005.02.008

McKercher, B., & Du Cros, H. (2002), Cultural tourism: The partnership between tourism and cultural heritage management, Routledge, New York.

Mehdizadeh, J. (2019), Scenario Planning, a New Step in Strategic Planning, Journal of Urban Planning, 32. URL: https://www.magiran.com/paper/915859

Movahed, A., & Jafarpour Ghalehteimouri, K. (2019), The importance of the concept and meaning of place in tourism geography, Journal of Tourism, Hospitality and Environment Management, 4 (16), p. 1-9.

Morab, Y., Heidari, O., & Salehi, E. (2015), Strategic Analysis of the Role and Function of Tourism in Regional Development (Case Study of Maragheh), Studies of Urban Structure and Function, 5 (16). DOI: 10.22080/SHAHR.2018.2016

Nematpour, M., Khodadadi, M., & Rezaei, N. (2020), Systematic Analysis of Development in Iran’s Tourism Market in the Form of Future Study: A New Method of Strategic Planning, Futures, 2020. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2020.102650

Osman, Z., & Sentosa, I. (2013), Mediating Effect of Customer Satisfaction on Service Quality and Customer Loyalty Relationship in Malaysian Rural, International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Studies, 2 (1), p. 25-37.

Rabbani, T. (2012), Application of Future Research Approach and Strategic Thinking in Urban Development Planning, Master’s Thesis in Geography and Urban Planning, University of Tehran, Iran. URL: https://ut.ac.ir/fa/thesis/31070

Rahimi, M., Mardali, M., Daha, E., & Fallahzadeh, A. R. (2013), Creative City (Theoretical and Indicative Foundations), Knowledge of the City, 196, p. 36-39. URL: http://journals.miau.ac.ir/article_3087.html

Remoaldo, P., Matos, O., Freitas, I., Gôja, R., Araújo Alves, J., Ribeiro, V., Pereira, M. & Xavier, C. (2020), An international overview of certified practices in creative tourism in rural and urban territories, Journal of Hospitality & Tourism Research, 46 (8), p. 1545-1573.

Richards, G. (2009), Tourism development trajectories – from culture to creativity? Tourism research and marketing, in: Asia-Pacific Creativity Forum on Culture and Tourism, Barcelona, Jeju Island, p. 3-5.

Richards, G. (2011), Creativity and tourism: The state of the art, Annals of Tourism Research, 38 (4), p. 1225-1253. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.07.008

Richards, G. (2016), The challenge of creative tourism, Ethnologies, 38 (1-2), p. 31-42. DOI:10.7202/1041585ar

Richards, G. W. (2011), Cultural tourism trends in Europe: a context for the development of Cultural Routes, in: Impact of European Cultural Routes on SMEs’ innovation and competitiveness, p. 21-39, Council of Europe Publishing.

Richards, G., & Raymond, C. (2000), Creative tourism, ATLAS News, 23, p. 16-20. URL: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/254822440_Creative_Tourism

Safaeipour, M., & Jafari, Y. (2021), Analysis of the Situation of Creative Tourism Components in Tabriz Metropolis as the Tourism Capital of Islamic Countries, Journal of Applied Research in Geographical Sciences, 21 (60). DOI: 10.52547/jgs.21.60.107

Tan, S. K., Kung, S. F., & Luh, D. B. (2013), A model of ‘creative experience’ in creative tourism, Annals of Tourism Research, 41, p. 153-174. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.12.002

Tan, S. K., Luh, D. B., & Kung, S. F. (2014), A taxonomy of creative tourists in creative tourism< Tourism Management, 42, p. 248-259. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2013.11.008

Witt, S. F., & Moutinho, L. (1994), Tourism marketing and management handbook, Prentice Hall.

Yozcu, Ö. K., & İçöz, O. (2010), A model proposal on the use of creative tourism experiences in congress tourism and the congress marketing mix, PASOS. Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural, 8 (3), p. 105-113. DOI:10.25145/j.pasos.2010.08.038