CORRECTION OF LEARNING DISORDERS BY OPTIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ORIENTATION

Authors

  • Denisa BĂLĂNEAN West University of Timișoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Romania. * Corresponding author: denisa.balanean95@e-uvt.ro
  • Eugen BOTA West University of Timișoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Romania
  • Simona PETRACOVSCHI West University of Timișoara, Faculty of Physical Education and Sports, Romania https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7845-7164

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(2).15

Keywords:

dyslexia, dyscalculia, spatial and temporal orientation, psychomotricity.

Abstract

Learning to read, write and calculate are proving to be some of the most significant cognitive processes in early education. The objective of this systematic review is to explore the associations between the psychomotor component and the academic achievement in writing, reading, and mathematics. An organized and methodical research of electronic databases was completed in order to determine significant studies. Twenty eligible articles were strictly evaluated, with extracted and summarized keywords. The two components of the psychomotor activity that influence reading were primarily the orientation ability and the fine motor skill, which is the one responsible for the correct spelling of “mirror-writing”. Differences in motor function were observed after intervention programmes. The results of all researchers have shown that there is a link between dysgraphia, dyslexia and the orientation ability or visual perception. Meanwhile, the role of cognitive and motor skills that underpinned mathematical performance was highlighted, and children who had a high capacity for spatial and visual orientation benefited from a better understanding and perception of geometric figures. However, the importance of students' spatial reasoning in relation to mathematics was identified, but only in terms of geometry. Poor quality of spatial notions has been found to be one of the causes of delay in the acquisition of reading, writing and mathematical calculation. The role of fine motor skills in the writing process was also noted, being of real importance in times when the child manipulates the writing tool and puts a word or a sentence on the page.

REZUMAT. Corectarea tulburărilor de învățare prin optimizarea dezvoltării spațiale și temporale: analiză de tip review. Învățarea scrierii, citirii și calculului se dovedesc a fi unele dintre cele mai semnificative procese cognitive în educația timpurie. Scopul acestei revizuiri sistematice este de a examina asocierile dintre componenta psihomotrică și performanța academică în scriere, citire și matematică. A fost efectuată o căutare sistematică a bazelor de date electronice pentru identificarea studiilor relevante. Douăzeci de articole eligibile au fost evaluate critic, cuvintele cheie fiind extrase și sintetizate. Cele 2 componente ale psihomotricității care influențează lectura au fost cu precădere capacitatea de orientare și abilitatea motorie fină, cea responsabilă de ortografia corectă a literelor și de evitarea scrierii tip ,,oglindă’’. După programele de intervenție, s-au observat diferențe la nivel motor. Astfel, rezultatele tuturor cercetărilor au arătat că există o legătură între disgrafie, dislexie și capacitatea de orientare sau de percepție vizuală. În paralel, s-a evidențiat rolul abilităților cognitive (spațiale) și motorii care au stat la baza performanței matematice, iar copiii care au avut o capacitate de orientare spațială și vizuală ridicată, au beneficiat de o mai bună înțelegere și percepție a figurilor geometrice. Totuși, s-a identificat importanța raționamentului spațial al elevilor în raport cu matematica, dar doar în ceea ce privește geometria. S-a constatat că slaba însușire a noțiunilor spațiale poate fi una dintre cauzele întârzierii în însușirea cititului, scrisului și calculului matematic. De asemenea, s-a remarcat rolul abilităților motorii fine în procesul de scriere, fiind de o reală importanță atunci când copilul manipulează instrumentul de scris și așază în pagină un cuvânt sau o propoziție.

Cuvinte cheie: dislexie, discalculie, orientare spațio-temporală, psihomotricitate

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Published

2021-06-30

How to Cite

BĂLĂNEAN, D., BOTA, E., & PETRACOVSCHI, S. (2021). CORRECTION OF LEARNING DISORDERS BY OPTIMIZING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL ORIENTATION. Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae, 66(2), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(2).15

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