EFFECT OF 12-MONTH RESISTANCE TRAINING ON PHYSICAL FUNCTION IN POSTMENOPAUSAL WOMEN WITH OSTEOPENIA OR OSTEOPOROSIS: A PILOT STUDY
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.65(1).06Keywords:
osteoporosis, osteopenia, resistance training, postmenopausal, physical performance.Abstract
Objective. The present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 12-month resistance training (6 reps x 70% of 1RM + 6 reps x 50% of 1RM) in physical performance in women with postmenopausal osteoporosis or osteopenia. Methods: Ten women with postmenopausal osteopenia/osteoporosis were divided into a exercise group (EX, n = 5) and control group (C, n = 5). The training program included exercises for upper and lower limb muscles with intensities of 50 – 70% of 1RM over a period of 12 months (twice weekly, 50 minutes training session). Physical performance was evaluated before and at the end of the study using the 30-second sit to stand test 30-second arm-curl test. Results: At the end of the study, the results of 10 patients were analyzed. A significant improvement was noted in physical performance for exercise group compared to control group: arm curl test (22.2±0.8 vs. 20.2±0.8, p = .014, r = -0.78) and chair stand test (19.8±0.8 vs. 17.6±1.7, p = .023, r = -0.72). Conclusion: Resistance training program improves physical performance among women with postmenopausal osteopenia/osteoporosis.
REZUMAT. Efectele programului de antrenament cu rezistență pe o perioadă de 12 luni asupra performanțelor fizice la femeile cu osteopenie/osteoporoză postmenopauză: studiu pilot. Obiectiv: Studiul de față a urmărit să evalueze efectele antrenamentului de rezistență de 12 luni (6 repetări x 70% din 1RM + 6 repetări x 50% din 1RM) asupra performanțelor fizice la femeile cu osteoporoză sau osteopenie postmenopauză. Material și metode: Zece femei cu osteopenie / osteoporoză postmenopauză au fost împărțite într-o grupă experimentală (EX, n = 5) și grupă de control (C, n = 5). Programul de antrenament a inclus exerciții pentru mușchii membrelor superioare și inferioare, cu intensități de 50 - 70% din 1RM pe o perioadă de 12 luni (de două ori pe săptămână, 50 minute sesiunea de antrenament). Performanța fizică a fost evaluată înainte și la sfârșitul studiului, folosind testul de flexie a antebrațului pe brat în 30 de secunde cu o ganteră de 2 kg în mână (arm curl test) și testul de ridicare din așezat în stând în 30 de secunde (chair stand test). Rezultate: La sfârșitul studiului, au fost analizate rezultatele a 10 subiecți. S-a observat o îmbunătățire semnificativă a performanței fizice în cadrul grupei experimentale, în comparație cu grupa de control: testul de flexie a antebrațului pe braț (22.2 ± 0.8 vs. 20.2 ± 0.8, p = 0.014, r = -0.78) și testul de ridicare din așezat în stând (19.8 ± 0.8 vs. 17.6 ± 1.7, p = 0.023, r = -0.72). Concluzie: Programul de exerciții cu rezistență îmbunătățește performanța fizică în rândul femeilor cu osteopenie / osteoporoză postmenopauză.
Cuvinte cheie: osteoporoză, osteopenie, antrenament de forță, postmenopauză, performanță fizică.
References
Al-Tubaikh, J. A. (2010). Osteoporosis. In J.A., Al-Tubaikh (ed.), Internal Medicine (pp. 217-221). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer.
American College of Sports Medicine. (2009). Progression Models in Resistance Training for Healthy Adults. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 41 (3): 687-708.
Arnold, P., & Bautmans, I. (2014). The influence of strength training on muscle activation in elderly persons: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Experimental Gerontology, 58: 58-68.
Cuhna, P. M., Nunes, J. P., Tomeleri, C. M., Nascimento, M. A., Schoenfeld, B. J., Antunes, M., et al. (2018). Resistance Training Performed With Single and Multiple Sets Induces Similar Improvements in Muscular Strength, Muscle Mass, Muscle Quality, and IGF-1 in Older Women: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 1-9.
Fernandez-Lezaun, E., Schumann, M., Makinen, T., Kyrolainen, H., & Walker, S. (2017). Effects of resistance training frequency on cardiorespiratory fitness in older men and women during intervention and follow-up. Experimental Gerontology, 95: 44-53.
Friedman, S., & Mendelson, D. (2014). Epidemiology of fragility fractures. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 30 (2): 175-181.
Girgis, C. M. (2015). Integrated therapies for osteoporosis and sarcopenia: from signaling pathways to clinical trials. Calcified Tissue International, 96: 243-255.
Goode, S. C., Wright, T. F., & Lynch, C. (2020). Osteoporosis Screening and Treatment: A Collaborative Approach. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 16 (1): 60-63.
Hernlund, E., Svedbom, A., Ivergard, M., Compston, J., Cooper, C., Stenmark, J., et al. (2013). Osteoporosis in the European Union: medical management, epidemiology and economic burden. A report prepared in collaboration with the International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) and the European Federation of Pharmaceutical Industry Associations (EFPIA). Archives of Osteoporosis, 8 (136).
Howe, T. E., Shea, B., Dawson, L. J., Downie, F., Murray, A., Ross, C., et al. (2011). Exercise for preventing and treating osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (7), doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000333.pub2
James, M. M.-S., & Carroll, S. (2009). A meta-analysis of impact exercise on postmenopausal bone loss: the case for mixed loading exercise programmes. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 43: 898-908.
Johnell, O., & Kanis, J. A. (2006). An estimate of the worldwide prevalence and disability associated with osteoporotic fractaures. Osteoporosis International, 17 (12): 1726-1733.
Karlsson, M. K., Nordqvist, A., & Karlsson, C. (2008). Physical activity, muscle function, falls and fractures. Journal of Food and Nutrition Research, 52.
Kelley, G. A., Kelley, K. S., & Kohrt, W. M. (2012). Effects of ground and joint reaction force exercise on lumbar spine and femoral neck bone mineral density in postmenopausal women: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 13 (177).
Kemmeler, W. K., Lauber, D., Engelke, K., & Weineck, J. (2004). Effects of single- vs. multiple-set resistance training on maximum strength and body composition in trained postmenopausal women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 18: 689-694.
Miller, A., Lake, A., & Emory, C. (2015). Establishing a fracture liaison service: an orthopedic approach. The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery, 97 (8): 675-681.
Nunes, P. R., Barcelos, L. C., Oliveira, A. A., Júnior, R. F., Martins, F. M., M., E. A., et al. (2017). Muscular strength adaptations and hormonal responses after two different multiple-set protocols of resistance training in postmenopausal women. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 33 (5): 1276‐1285.
Parfitt, A. M., Mathews, C. H., Villanueva, A. R., Kleerekoper, M., Frame, B., & Rao, D. S. (1983). Relationships between surface, volume, and thickness of iliac trabecular bone in aging and in osteoporosis. Implications for the microanatomic and cellular mechanisms of bone loss. Journal of Clinical Investigation, 72: 1396-1409.
Radaelli, R., Botton, C. E., Wilhelm, E. N., Bottaro, M., Lacerda, F., Gaya, A., et al. (2013). Low- and high-volume strength training induces similar neuromuscular improvements in muscle quality in elderly women. Experimental Gerontology, 48 (8): 710-716.
Radaelli, R., Brusco, C. M., Lopez, P., Rech, A., Machado, C. L., Grazioli, R., et al. (2018). Higher muscle power training volume is not determinant for the magnitude of neuromuscular improvements in elderly women. Experimental Gerontology, 110: 15-22.
Rizzoli, R. (2018). Postmenopausal osteoporosis: Assessment and management. Best Practice & Research Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 32 (5): 739-757.
Seeman, E. (2013). Age- and menopause-related bone loss compromise cortical and trabecular microstructure. The Journals of Gerontology Series A, Biological Sciences and Medical Sciences, 68: 1218-1225.
Shanks, G., Sharma, D., & Mishra, V. (2019). Prevention and treatment of osteoporosis in women. Obstetrics, Gynaecology & Reproductive Medicine, 29 (7): 201-206.
Shaw, B. S., Gouveia, M., McIntyre, S., & Shaw, I. (2016). Anthropometric and cardiovascular responses to hypertrophic resistance training in postmenopausal women. Menopause, 23 (11): 1176-1181.
Wang, E., Nyberg, S. K., Hoff, J., Zhao, J., Leivseth, G., Torhaug, T., et al. (2017). Impact of maximal strength training on work efficiency and muscle fiber type in the elderly: Implications for physical function and fall prevention. Experimental Gerontology, 91, 64-71.
Weaver, C., Bischoff-Ferrari, H., & Shanahan, C. (2019). Cost benefit analysis of calcium and vitamin D supplements. Archives of Osteoporosis, 14 (50).
World Health Organization. (1994). Assessment of fracture risk and its application to screening for postmenopausal osteoporosis. WHO technical, 843.
Wright, N., Looker, A., & Saag, K. (2014). The recent prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone mass based on bone mineral density at the femoral neck or lumbar spine in the United States. Journal of Bone and Mineral Research, 29 (11), 2520-2526.
Zebaze, R., Ghasem-Zadeha, A., Bohte, A., Iuliano-Burns, S., Mirams, M., Price, R. I., et al. (2010). Intracortical remodelling and porosity in the distal radius and post-mortem femurs of women: a cross-sectional study. The Lancet, 375 (9727), 1729-1736.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 Studia Universitatis Babeș-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
