ETHICAL ASPECTS OF CLASHING TITANS: TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY VERSUS AUTONOMY - CHIROBAN, Ovidiu; PERJU-DUMBRAVĂ, Lăcrămioara (Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Bioethica, 2016)
Traumatic brain injury has become a leading cause of mortality and morbidity in both civilians and military, considered the modern version of a silent epidemic, since its real incidence is on the rise. In the field of medical ethics, autonomy represents endogenous determination that does not withstand controlling interferences not personal limitations. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) might affect cognitive capacities critical to the adequate exercise of autonomy. The hallmark of this disorder is the possibility of producing survivors who preserve normal, almost-normal or border-line intellectual capacities, certified as being competent and not in the need of a guardian or substitute decision maker, even though an impaired capacity to evaluate their own behaviors and limitations accurately is widely encountered. Aiming to reflect the proposed pattern, a questionnaire echoing self-awareness was apprised by patient and associated family member. The study revealed population at risk for TBI resembling childhood age, elderly, low-come individuals, unmarried people and patients with previous history of TBI or psychiatric pathology, with equal sex ratio distribution. Moreover, a difference of opinions has been noticed when evaluating the arisen topics from the questionnaire. In such cases, conserving the right of autonomy is not such as forthright as one might consider, thus requiring different ethical commitments and tactics. A slight look inside the neurologic pathology of TBI and its neurocognitive consequences seems to yield the basics of understanding situations that decline autonomy with preserved legal rights. Aspecte etice privind autonomia pacienților cu leziuni traumatice cerebrale. Leziunile traumatice cerebrale (LTC) au devenit o cauza importanta de mortalitate si morbiditate atat in cadrul populatiei civile cat si celei militare, fiind considerate o adevarata epidemie silentioasa, mai ales ca incidenta lor reala este in continua crestere. LTC pot afecta capacitatile cognitive esentiale in exercitarea autonomiei individului. O caracteristica a acestei entitati patologice este aceea ca pacientii pot prezenta capacitati intelectuale normale, aproape-normale sau de limita, fiind insa in acelasi timp certificati ca si competenti psihic si neavand nevoie de un tutore legal, chiar daca s-a obervat ca o capacitate scazuta de a-si evalua propriile comportamente si limite este des intalnita. Pentru a demonstra caracteristica anterioara, am elaborat un chestionar care sa reflecte constinta de sine, pe care l-am inaintat atat pacientilor cat si apartinatorilor lor. Acest studiu a fost adresat unei populatii recunoscute ca fiind cu risc crescut de a dezvolta LTC si anume copii, batrani, indivizi cu status economic scazut, persoane necasatorite precum si pacienti cu un istoric anterior de LTC sau boli pshice, distributia pe sexe fiind egala. Rezultatele au aratat o diferenta de opinii intre perceptia pacientilor si a apartinatorilor. In astfel de cazuri, conservarea dreptului autonomiei nu este atat de clara cum s-ar crede in mod obisnuit, in consecinta fiind nevoie de aplicarea unor comportamente si tactici etice particulare. O privire atenta asupra patologiei LTC si a consecintelor sale neurocognitive poate conferi o mai buna intelegere a situatiilor care declina autonomia individuala cu pastrarea drepturilor legale si respectiv a conflictelor etice care decurg din aceasta. Cuvinte-cheie: autonomie, leziuni traumatice cerebrale, comportament neurocognitiv, drepturi legale.